Abolitionists
- People involved in the abolition of slavery in the British Empire
What did a Quaker teacher, a Methodist preacher, a former slave, a former slaver, a ship's doctor, a businessman, an African composer, a Baron, a scholar, an outspoken widow, a lawyer and a wealthy politician have in common?
They were just some of the people who campaigned to bring about the abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. For a long time, not many people in Britain knew and understood the evils of the Slave Trade. Those who did, and campaigned against it, faced abuse and occasionally even violence. They eventually formed a fellowship to abolish the trade.
The abolistionists also included many Africans who worked side by side with British abolitionists; they included Africans such as Olaudah Equiano, Quobna Ottobah Cugoano and Ignatius Sancho. They formed their own group 'The Sons of Africa', to campaign for abolition. As Reddie says, the ‘work of these African freedom fighters was important because it dispelled many of the misconceptions that white people held about Africans at the time'.
It was not only freed slaves who fought against the trade. Enslaved people also fought for their freedom. You can read more about their struggle in the 'resistance section'. In Britain, the abolition movement gained in strength, despite setbacks and opposition from those who were making a great deal of money from the trade. The movement brought together a wide range of different people (black, white, male and female) and each had something unique to offer the cause.
In this section:
You can find details of just some of the men and women who worked alongside Thomas Clarkson or were influential in the campaign.
The abolition campaign in Britain was started by the Society of Friends, known as the Quakers. Quakers believe that all people are created equal in the eyes of God. If this is the case, then...
Women had no vote and little influence on the political scene; despite this, they played an important role in the abolition of the Slave Trade and slavery in the British...
Anthony Benezet was a Quaker teacher, writer and abolitionist. He had a big influence on Thomas Clarkson. He was born to a Huguenot (Protestant) family in France. When he was two years old...
Male abolitionists, such as Cugoano and Equiano, were not the only black people in Britain to publish books. Phyllis Wheatley was a talented poet and became the...
Granville Sharp was a civil servant and political reformer. He was one of the 12 men who, in 1787, formed the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade and was the first...
John Wesley was an early leader in the Methodist movement. Under his direction, Methodists became leaders in many areas of social justice, including prison reform and the abolition of the...
Ignatius Sancho was a composer, actor and writer. He was a neighbour and friend of Ottobah Cugoano. Sancho was born in 1729 on a
James Ramsay was born in Fraserburgh, Scotland. He witnessed the suffering of the enslaved people as a ship's doctor in the Navy. In 1759, his ship, HMS Arundel,...
Olaudah Equiano, was a former enslaved African, seaman and merchant who wrote an autobiography depicting the horrors of slavery and lobbied Parliament for its abolition. ...
One black antislavery campaigner, who worked alongside Equiano, was Ottobah Cugoano. He was born in 1757, in the part of Africa now called Ghana. In 1770, he was kidnapped and taken to the...
William Wilberforce was an English politician who became the voice of the abolition movement in Parliament. He was a slightly built man, about five foot three in...
John Newton was an Anglican clergyman and former slave ship master. It took him a long time to speak out against the Slave Trade but he had an influence on many young evangelical Christians,...
Josiah Wedgwood was an English potter and industrialist born at Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent. He had very high standards of workmanship and a keen interest in scientific advancements. He became...
Hannah More was an educator, writer and social reformer. She was also known for her writings on abolition and for encouraging women to join the anti-slavery...
James Stephen was born in Poole, Dorset and spent part of his childhood in a debtors' prison, when his father got into financial trouble. Despite this he became a newspaper reporter and a...
William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, was Prime Minister at the time the 1807 Act to Abolish the Slave Trade was passed. His father had also been Prime Minister and...
Zachary Macaulay was born in Inveraray, Scotland, the son of a Minister of the Church of Scotland. He only had a basic education but taught himself the Classics, Latin and Greek. He...
By the time the Slave Trade was abolished in 1807, William Allen had been involved in the movement for 20 years. He stayed involved for the rest of his life. William Allen...
Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton was born in Essex in 1786. He was privately educated and went to Trinty College, Dublin. He became a close friend of Joseph Gurney after his...
Mary Prince was born in 1788, to an enslaved family in Bermuda. She was sold to a number of brutal owners and suffered from terrible treatment. Prince ended up in Antigua...
Elizabeth Heyrick was born Elizabeth Coltman, in 1789, in Leicester. She married a Methodist, John Heyrick, who died eight years later. Elizabeth became a member of the
John Clarkson, the younger brother of Thomas Clarkson, also played a significant part in the history of the anti-slavery movement. He was born in Wisbech in 1764 and joined the navy at 12...
Joseph Sturge was a Quaker and a leading campaigner in the...